Polyurethane is a general term used for a class of polymers derived from the condensation of polyisocyanates and polyalcohols. This paper is focused on the topic of bioremediation, which is the practice of using naturally. Use of fungi biodegradation environmental microbiology. Degradation of polyester polyurethane by bacterial. This results in a carbon polymer composed of a series of urethane linkages. Applied and environmental microbiology, 7717, 60766084. Pdf bioremediation is an important approach to waste reduction that relies on biological processes to break down a variety of pollutants.
The degree of biodegradation after 90 days according to astm d 598803 is compared in figure 3. Degradation of polyester polyurethane by a newly isolated. Different strategies have been developed and still more research is being in progress to reduce the impact of these polymeric materials. The discovery was made 10 days into the research when jonathan russell casually walked. Kanavel et al 9 observed that sulfurcured polyester and polyether pu had some fungal inertness. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. Assessing biodegradability of polyurethane by pestalotiopsis. For example, isolation of entomopathogenic fungi or plastics biodegrading fungi that could have direct effect on ecosystem conservation. Pdf biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by aspergillus. This work aimed to isolate and characterize polyester polyurethane pu degrading fungi from the soil of a general city. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Biodegradation of polyethylene microplastics by the. Manual of environmental microbiology second edition editor in chief christon j. Bioremediation of plastic and rubber by endophytic fungi.
Biodegradative activities of selected environmental fungi on a polyester polyurethane varnish and polyether polyurethane foams. However, theynoted that even with fungicides added to the sulfur and peroxidecured pus, fungal growth still occurred on the polyester pus and most fungicides had adverse eects on the formulations. Degradation of polyester polyurethane by bacterial polyester. This fungus secretes a small enzyme that is responsible for plastic degradation. Altogether, they tested 59 plant fungi and identified 18 with a level of polyurethane degrading activity worthy of further investigation. After years of polyurethane production, studies have now begun to research its susceptibility to biodegradation.
This study aims to explore the extent of the functionality of p. Bioactive polyesters in marine and plant endophytic fungi, polyester, hosam eldin m. Originally identified in fallen foliage of common ivy hedera helix in buenos aires, it also causes leaf spot in hypericum hidcote hypericum patulum shrubs in japan. The growing amount of pu used industrially has resulted in a worldwide increase of plastic wastes. Despite its xenobiotic origins, polyurethane has been found to be susceptible to biodegradation by naturally occurring microorganisms. For example, isolation of entomopathogenic fungi or plastics. The polymers were subjected to degradation by the enzyme axion and two species of fungi. Polyurethane polymers are traditionally and most commonly formed by reacting a di or triisocyanate with a polyol.
Biodegradative activities of selected environmental fungi on. Plastic waste or debris are one of the most hazardous pollutant entering the seas and oceans, after oil spills and sewage discharge. Master of science by research faculty of engineering, computing and science. To summarise, the fungi known only in its scientific form as pestalotiopsis microspora among other fungi of the genus pestalotiopsis was found to break down the common plastic polyurethane in conditions that lacked oxygen as well as aerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the impact of composting on pus, as composting is a microbially rich process that is increasingly being used for the processing of green waste and food waste as an. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi article pdf available in applied and environmental microbiology 7717. Similarly, isolation of insect toxin proteins from entomopathogenic fungi and identification of their gene sequence and their secretion expression in endophytic bacteria, the characterization of the engineered.
Fungal communities associated with the biodegradation of. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi, appl. Polyurethane pur and pu is a polymer composed of organic units joined by carbamate urethane links. Pestalotiopsis microspora is a species of endophytic fungus capable of breaking down and digesting polyurethane. The related environmental pollution as well as the limited availability of the raw materials based on petrochemicals requires novel solutions for their efficient degradation and recycling. However, four strains were able to degrade polyurethane, the three littersaprotrophic fungi. However, they noted that even with fungicides added to the sulfur and.
Mar 07, 2011 a collection of 59 fungal endophytic organisms isolated from plant samples in the ecuadorian amazon were screened for their ability to grow on and degrade polyester polyurethane using the pur halo assay as the initial screen. Pestalotiopsis species are known as plant pathogens. Biodegradation of polyurethane polymer using endophytic. Feb 03, 2012 to summarise, the fungi known only in its scientific form as pestalotiopsis microspora among other fungi of the genus pestalotiopsis was found to break down the common plastic polyurethane in conditions that lacked oxygen as well as aerobic conditions. Amazon fungi found that eat polyurethane, even without oxygen 3 february 2012, by lin edwards until now polyurethane has been considered nonbiodegradable, but a group of. Sehroon worked in different research areas and fought against chemical pesticides or plastics wastes, which are hazardous for both environment and humans. In this work, we isolated fungal strains able to grow in mineral medium with a polyester pu pspu. In contrast, woodsaprotrophic fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi were unable to degrade polyurethane. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi free download as pdf file. Pdf biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi. Identification of esterase in aspergillus flavus during degradation of polyurethane quentin wong1, alina ma1, dr.
To explore this diversity for the breakdown of plastic, we screened several dozen endophytic fungi for their ability to degrade the synthetic polymer polyester polyurethane pur. Altogether, they tested 59 plant fungi and identified 18 with a level of polyurethanedegrading activity worthy of further investigation. Polyurethane pur is the main component of many types of plastics. Ability of fungi isolated from plastic debris floating in the. My research directions are isolation of fungi from soil and other dumping sites that could be utilized for applied side in various aspects to keep the environment safe. Can we use fungi to break down our plastic and rubber waste. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by aspergillus tubingensis. However, pu waste disposal generates large problems, since it is slowly degraded, there are limited recycling processes, and its destruction may generate toxic compounds. Polyester polyurethane pur is a plastic widely used in industry and manufacturing that has been shown to be susceptible to biodegradation 6, 10. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. In plants, microorganisms that are present, but do not cause disease symptoms, are called endophytes wilson 1995. Amazon fungi found that eat polyurethane, even without oxygen. Polyurethanes represent a class of polymers that have found a widespread use in the medical, automotive and industrial fields.
Biodegradative activities of fungal isolates from plastic. This is made possible by the vast metabolic diversity of the microbial world. Polyurethanes pu are widely used synthetic polymers. Here, only the two littersaprotrophic fungi agaricus bisporus and marasmius oreades showed the capability to degrade polyurethane. Microspora 2 abstract the increased overproduction and use of plastic in the past decades has caused many environmental issues. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by aspergillus. In contrast, woodsaprotrophic fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi were.
In 2011 us researchers discovered an endophytic fungal species, which was able to degrade. Biodegradation, bacillus subtilis, polyurethane, infrarouge, impranil dln introduction polyurethanes were first produced an d investigated by dr. Biodegradation of polyurethane derived from castor oil. Ability of fungi isolated from plastic debris floating in. Mar 17, 2017 bioremediation for degradation of marine plastic waste. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi. Polyurethane degradation research has been initiated to elucidate whether additives to the chemical structure of pu could decrease biodegradation. Polyurethane pu is widely used in many aspects of modern life because of its versatility and resistance. Applied and environmental microbiology 77, 60766084. Plants host a number of fungi and bacteria within their tissues much like the gut in humans. Read degradation of polyester polyurethane by a newly isolated soil bacterium, bacillus subtilis strain mza75, biodegradation on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Biodegradability study on cotton and polyester fabrics.
Bioactive polyesters in marine and plant endophytic fungi. Polyester pus in particular have been extensively reported as susceptible to microbial biodegradation in the environment, particularly by fungi. Biodegradation of polyester urethanes by bacillus subtilis. The original paper consolidating the research that prof. Biodegradation of pus by bacteria and fungi has been studied since the 1980s, and although different enzymatic activities have been identi.
Biodegradative activities of selected environmental fungi. The endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis microspore has previously been identified in the degradation of the plastic polyester polyurethane. Polyester polyurethane pur is a plastic widely used in industry and manufacturing that has been shown to be suscep tible to biodegradation 6, 10. Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by aspergillus tubingensis 2 nd international conference on pollution control and sustainable environment october 0506, 2017 london, uk. Several fungi have been shown to be able to use plastics as the sole source of nutrients russell et al. Analyses were carried out by infrared spectroscopy. Biodegradation of polyurethane polymer using endophytic fungi isolated from nepenthes ampullaria in sarawak. Mar 28, 20 read degradation of polyester polyurethane by a newly isolated soil bacterium, bacillus subtilis strain mza75, biodegradation on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Identification of esterase in aspergillus flavus during. Fungal communities associated with the biodegradation. Biodegradation from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia yellow slime mold growing on a bin of wet paper iupac definition degradation caused by enzymatic process resulting from the action of cells. Sehroon khan, sadia nadir, zia ullah shah, aamer ali shah, samantha c karunarathna, jianchu xu, afsar khan, shahzad munir and fariha hasan. Polyurethanes can be found in products such as furniture, coatings, adhesives, constructional materials, fibers, paddings, paints, elastomers and synthetic skins.
Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic. The polymer is generated by the condensation of a polyisocyanate and a polyol. A series of additional fungi with an origin other than from plastic debris were tested as well. In the previous article, bioremediation processes involved in treatment and removal of oil hydrocarbon pollutants was discussed. The degradation of pu films by strain mza75 in mineral salt medium msm was.
Endophytic associations can either be i commensal there is no effect. Bioremediation for degradation of marine plastic waste. Some members of the genus are able to grow on the synthetic polymer polyurethane as its sole carbon source under both aerobic. A polyurethane pu degrading bacterial strain mza75 was isolated from soil through enrichment technique. Growth of pseudomonas in polyurethane medium international organization of scientific research 40 p a g e polyurethane by pseudomonas stutzeri has been chemically demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy, which shows the disappearance of the 1730cm1 peak of.
Mar 28, 20 a polyurethane pu degrading bacterial strain mza75 was isolated from soil through enrichment technique. The degradation of the polyester pu impranil dln by. A collection of 59 fungal endophytic organisms isolated from plant samples in the ecuadorian amazon were screened for their ability to grow on and degrade polyester polyurethane using the pur halo assay as the initial screen. Similarly, isolation of insect toxin proteins from entomopathogenic fungi and identification of their gene sequence and their secretion expression in endophytic. The bacterium was identified through 16s rrna gene sequencing, the phylogenetic analysis indicated the strain mza75 belonged to genus bacillus having maximum similarity with bacillus subtilis strain jbe0016. Pu were made containing polyester subunits of various lengths. The massive and rapid accumulation of our plastic and rubber waste is a problem that we cannot afford to ignore. Of the organisms screened, 18 organisms produced a halo of clearance such as that shown in fig.
In addition, it was also noted that there was an increase in the biodegradability of the polyester pu with increase in the chain length of the polyesters. This work aimed to isolate and characterize polyester polyurethane pu degrading fungi from the soil of a general city waste disposal site in islamabad, pakistan. Pdf biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic. Since certain types of plastic and rubber are held together by the same chemical bonds that are found in natural plant polymers, we are investigating the ability of fungi that live inside plants to degrade synthetic plastics and rubbers. Microbial degradation of polyurethanes is dependent on the many properties of the polymer such as molecular orientation, crystallinity, crosslinking and chemical groups present in the molecular chains which determine the accessibility to degradingenzyme systems. While most polyurethanes are thermosetting polymers that do not melt when heated, thermoplastic polyurethanes are also available.